Chemicals in everyday life
The development of science and technology has produced industrial products that can meet the needs of everyday people. Chemicals that have been known for their benefits are developed by making products useful for the benefit of humans and their environment. Therefore, we need to know the types, traits, uses, and side effects of every product we use or see everyday.
Many kinds of chemicals that exist in everyday life. Some groups of chemicals in question, among them are:
1. cleaners;
2. bleach clothes;
3. fragrances;
4. pesticides;
1. Cleaners
In everyday life, we are familiar with various cleaning chemicals, including soaps and detergents.
The types of chemicals that can be used as a cleanser include:
- body cleansers,
- hair cleanser,
- motor and car cleaners,
- plate cleaners,
- cleaning clothes,
- floor cleaner
We need to be careful in choosing cleaning materials, the material should not cause a bad influence on the environment. Some types of detergents are difficult to decipher by decomposers. If the detergent is mixed with groundwater that is used as a source of drinking water for humans or livestock then the ground water will endanger health. Therefore, it is better to choose detergents whose waste can be decomposed by microorganisms (biodegradable). Adverse effects that can be caused by the use of detergents that are not selective or not careful are:
- Increase household waste in the form of foam.
- The soap-generated foam can be broken down by microorganisms present in the soil, whereas the foam produced from the detergent is difficult to decompose by microorganisms in the soil
Prevention
Prevention that can be done, among others, as follows.
- Use detergents with dilute concentrations and low levels of ABS.
- Use a biodegradable detergent, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS).
- Keeps the soap in the right place so it is out of reach of the child.
2. Bleach
Bleach is usually sold in the form of a solution and is used to remove impurities or colored stains that are difficult to remove by using only soap or detergent. Bleach solutions sold on the market usually contain sodium active ingredients
Hypochlorite (NaOCl) about 5%. Besides being used as bleach and cleaning stains, it is also used for disinfecting (disinfecting germs). In general, whitening agents sold on the market are safe to use during use in accordance with the instructions. In addition to the stain, this substance can also react with the dye clothes so that it can fade the color of clothing. Therefore, the use of this bleach should be as directed.
- How bleach can remove stubborn stains on white clothing?
- In bleach ingredients contain Ca (ClO2) hypochlorite usually known as chlorine, and bleach solution containing sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). The bleach will oxidize the impurities so that the impurities will dissolve in water
Side Effects of Bleach Usage
- Clothing bleach materials generally contain chlorine compounds that can damage fabric fibers and clothing colors.
- Chlorine compounds can also cause skin irritation.
- Skin whitening ingredients that contain mercury or excessive mercury can damage the nervous system
Prevention
Prevention that can be done for the use of bleach, among others:
- Avoid using bleach types containing mercury.
- Only use bleach products if dirt or stains are difficult to remove by soap or detergent.
Examples of some chemicals in the household
3. Fragrance
Fragrance is another chemical that is closely related to our daily life. We can obtain deodorant from both natural and synthetic materials. In addition to substances that give rise to fragrance, fragrances sold on the market usually contain other substances, such as alcohol for liquid perfumes and alum for fragrance-shaped solids.
In addition to alcohol, there are still a variety of other additives that are deliberately added to the perfume so that the perfume is easily sprayed (the substance serves as propellant). Among the additives that can serve as propellants there are those that can pollute the environment. Certain propellants if released into the air and then into the upper atmosphere will damage the ozone layer. It also affects human health such as irritating the eyes, nose, throat, skin, resulting in nausea, dizziness, bleeding, loss of memory, cancer, and tumors, liver damage, causing mild to moderate irritation of the lungs, including symptoms such as asthma .
4. Pesticides
Pesticide-type chemicals are closely related to the lives of farmers. Pesticides are used to eradicate plant pests so as not to disrupt agricultural production. Pesticides commonly used by farmers can be classified according to function and target
Its use, namely:
A. Insecticides, ie pesticides used to eradicate insects, such as grasshoppers, ladybirds, plant hopper, and caterpillars.
B. Fungicide, a pesticide used to eradicate and prevent the growth of mold or fungus.
C. Bactericide, ie pesticides to eradicate bacteria or viruses.
D. Rodenticide, a pesticide used to eradicate plant pests in the form of rodents, such as rodents.
E. Herbicides, ie pesticides used to eradicate weeds (weeds), such as reeds, grasses, and water hyacinths.
ADITIVE ZAT IN FOOD MATERIALS
Some of the chemicals present in the diet
• Additives
Additives are chemicals that are mixed into foods that aim to improve the quality of food, add delicacy, and preserve food.
Functions in between
1. Antioxidant and synergistic antioxidants
2. Acidizer, neutralizer
3. Artificial sweeteners
4. Bleach and bunds
5. Nutrition enhancer
6. Preservatives
7. Emulsifier (mixer)
8. Eaters and thickeners
9. Hardener
10. Natural and synthetic dyes
11. Flavor and aroma, and others.
Food additives can be grouped into two groups, namely:
1. additives derived from natural sources, such as lecithin and citric acid;
2 synthetic additives of chemicals having similar properties to similar natural substances, both chemical and their properties, such as amyl acetate and ascorbic acid.
Based on its function, both natural and synthetic, additive substances can be grouped as dyes, sweeteners, preservatives, and flavorings.
What positive and negative impacts of the use of bleach on the clothes?
BalasHapuspositive impact
Hapus- In bleach materials contain Ca (ClO2) hypochlorite commonly known as chlorine, and bleach solution contains sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Bleach will oxidize the impurities so that the dirt will dissolve in water
Negative impact (Side Effect of Bleach Usage)
- Clothing bleach materials generally contain chlorine compounds that can damage fabric fibers and clothing colors.
- Chlorine compounds can also cause skin irritation.
- Skin whitening agents containing mercury or excess mercury can damage the nervous system
Prevention
Prevention that can be done for the use of bleach, among others:
- Avoid using bleach types containing mercury.
- Use only whitening products if dirt or stains are difficult to remove with soap or detergent.
How to cope with the adverse effects of bleach wear?
BalasHapusThe way to overcome that is by the way, Bleach should only be used if the use of ordinary detergent is not able to lift the dirt cleanly. Keep in mind, clothing bleach can lead to waning colors on colored clothing.
HapusExcessive use of bleach can also cause environmental pollution. Active substances in bleach may kill bacteria in the soil. How to overcome the waste of bleach is almost the same with soap waste and detergent management.
So, it is better to use bleach should be reduced and used when the stain really can not be cleaned.
please explain the various kinds of pesticides and their respective fungction!!
BalasHapusPesticides are chemicals used to control, deny, lure, or eradicate disturbing organisms such as insects, mice, weeds, birds, mammals, fish, or microbes that are considered disturbing.
HapusMany farmers who prefer to use pesticides are because pesticides have high killing power, easy use, and results are quickly recognized.
As for many types of pesticides, depending on the target or pests that interfere. Here are some examples of types of pesticides and their use:
1.) Insecticides are substances that contain toxic chemical compounds used to kill and kill almost all types of insects.
2.) Rodenticides are substances that contain toxic chemical compounds used to eradicate various types of rodents, such as rodents.
3.) Herbicides are toxic compounds that are used to kill and eradicate pestilence plants called weeds.
4.) Fungicides are substances that contain toxic chemicals and can be used to eradicate and prevent fungi (fungi) or fungi.
5.) Akarisida or often called mitisida is a material containing toxic chemical compounds used to kill mites, ticks, and spiders.
6.) Bactericides are compounds containing toxic active ingredients that can kill bacteria.
7.) Larvasida is a type of pesticide that is usually in the form of granules or briquettes used for the application of larval or larva control mosquitoes DBD or malaria.
Actually not only the above, there are other types of pesticides, namely Pedukulusida, Silvisida, Ovisida, Piscisida, Termisida, Arborisida, Predasida, and others.
Please explain whether bleach is dangerous and what is the chemical reaction of the bleach?
BalasHapusOf course bleach is very dangerous, because bleach solutions sold on the market usually contain active ingredients sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) about 5%. While the bleach powder contains calcium hypochlorite compounds, (CaClO). Hypochlorite compounds easily release chlorine. In high levels, chlorine can damage the clothing. Bleach Hypochlorite is not good for polyester, because it gives more yellow than whiten. In general, whitening agents sold on the market are safe to use during use in accordance with the instructions. In addition to the stain, this substance can also react with the dye clothes so that it can fade the color of clothing. Therefore, the use of this bleach should be as directed. Bleach is a highly reactive chemical. Mixing bleach with other household items can be very dangerous. For example, if bleach is mixed with a toilet cleanser containing hydrochloric acid can produce chlorine gas. Gasklorin can damage the respiratory tract, and if the levels are large enough to be deadly. Mixing bleach with ammonia also produces toxic gases, namely chloramine (NH2Cl) and hydrazine (N2H4). Therefore, never mix the bleach with other materials without any clue or clear knowledge. Bulk whitening is made from a very strong type of chemical. Generally corrosive. Therefore, avoid direct contact in a long time.
HapusCleaning chemicals include soap, then how to make soap?
BalasHapus1.) Combine caustic soda solution with pure milk and clean water in a container that is not made of aluminum, then boil until boiling.
Hapus2.) Dissolve coconut oil and cow fat oil, mix it evenly then heat.
3.) The mixture of caustic soda solution, pure milk, and clean water, which has been thickened and then mixed with coconut oil and cow fat oil, and stir until thickened.
4.) Enter Dextrim Alba, rose oil, dye, and seeds of perfume and stir again until evenly distributed.
5.) After all the ingredients are evenly mixed, insert in the prepared mold, allow a few moments to harden. After hardening, the soap can be removed from the mold and ready for use.
Give me another example of chemistry in everyday life?
BalasHapus1.) Human Body Composition
HapusAbout 96% of our body mass consists of only 4 elements: - Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. The remaining 3% consists of about 60 elements including sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc etc.
The elements required in larger quantities are called macro-nutrients and others, usually in parts per million or less, called micro-nutrients. Chemical reactions, the human body consists of water and elements such as organic carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
2.) Metabolism
Organic processes that occur in the human body are called metabolism, which involves a large number of chemical reactions. Enzymes secreted by different organs act as biocatalysts that accelerate the rate of reaction, while the hormone regulates time and speed.
Our wellbeing, smooth function and normal health depend on metabolic processes. The coordination and simultaneous occurrence of this process of life in an orderly manner is the reason we are fit, healthy and alive.
3.) Respiration
Breathing is the exchange of gases between the organism and its environment. Respiration is a chemical reaction process, which is a reaction between glucose or sugar with oxygen, which releases energy.
This is the process by which inhaling oxygen from the air causes lung inflation and then deflation occurs by exhaling carbon dioxide into the environment. Reactions that occur during breathing: -
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ➜ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Water Composition
Water is the elixir of life on Earth. Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas and oxygen is a gas that is unlikely to react without burning, one another forming a covalent bond to create the most effective fire extinguisher called water.
The chemical reaction formula of water is H2O. Yes! We drink chemical reactions everyday. Water is very important for all metabolic processes that occur in our body. As Leonardo da Vinci states "Water is the driving force of the whole world."
4.) Feeling Hungry
When you feel hungry ghrelin hormone is secreted by the stomach that triggers hunger. It stimulates the release of growth hormone. It plays a role in insulin release and protection of cardiovascular organs. More ghrelin is produced thus increasing your desire for food.
5.) Digestion
Gastric acid consists of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and large amounts of potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl) secreted by parietal cells lining the stomach. This gastric acid helps convert pepsinogen to pepsin which is responsible for protein denaturation in the stomach.
It also kills the microorganisms in the food before they can make you sick. HCl neutralizes the acid present in the foods you eat thereby maintaining your acid or alkaline level to keep you healthy.
6.) Tears and Cries
Sometimes, crying is a natural reflex. Studies have shown that emotional tears contain manganese, an element that affects temperament and more prolactin.
Prolactin is the hormone that regulates milk production. Removal of prolactin and manganese is thought to ease build tension in the body and make you feel energized.
So, next time you feel slumped and need to vent your emotions, do not get arrested. cry! It will help you feel better.
7.) Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis involves the transformation of energy and is a process of chemical reaction where plants, algae, and some bacteria produce their own food. This is the synthesis of glucose by using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight trapped by chlorophyll present in the leaves. The reaction is described as:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy Light ➜ C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Photosynthesis is the reverse process of respiration. They are both interdependent. To get an unbroken supply of oxygen, and the plants get the carbon dioxide they need. Thus, photosynthesis plays an important role in our daily life.
What types of chemicals are found in cleansers, clothing bleach, and fragrances ?
BalasHapus1.) Whitening Chemicals
HapusThe most common bleach on the market is from the type of sodium hypochlorite, which acts as a bleach. This compound can serve as a remover of stains and disinfectants (sanitizer). The double function of NaOCl as a stain remover and disinfectant can be an individual opportunity in sales. This bleach is two forms, namely solid and liquid. Solid bleach (white powder) is calcium hypochlorite with CaOCl2 chemical formula. In general, people recognize this compound so chlorine. Chlorine is commonly used to disinfect plumbing and swimming pools. Liquid bleach is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). If we make these bleaches ourselves, the following materials should be provided:
• Sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl (12%)
• Perfume
• Emal-70
• Water
As already known that sodium hypochloride is the main ingredient of whitening products. In general, NaOCl available on the market has a concentration of 12% - 13%.
2.) Fragrance Chemicals (Perfume)
Perfume is the result of mixing a variety of fragrances that are volatile with a certain odor. Fragrance chemicals are often added to products such as soaps, detergents, shampoos, glass cleaners, dishwashing liquids, and fabric softening liquors, and are sold in fragrances and body parts. Companies generally do not want to write down chemicals used as fragrance. People often give the term "company secret". Chemicals used as perfume are usually not singular but a mixture of some fragrance.
3.) cleaners
Soap has long been known since about 5000 years ago. Uniquely, the chemical process of making soap also has not changed from the past until now. Soaps can be made from natural ingredients of vegetable oils, or animal fats and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide by heating (through saponification reactions to form soft solids) .The soft-solids are known to increase the washing water of fat or oil attached to the body or Our clothes.
What is the negative effect from cleaners?
BalasHapusSide Effects of Use of Cleaning Products
HapusSide effects of using soap or detergent is the cause of household waste in the form of foam. The soap-generated foam can be broken down by microorganisms present in the soil, whereas the foam produced from the detergent is difficult to break down by microorganisms in the soil. The composer of the detergent comprises a straight chain compound
And a length called Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) and a branched chain compound called Alkyl. Benzene Sulphonate (ABS). The LAS compound is easier
Described by microorganisms compared with ABS compounds. However, LAS can only be degraded in an aerobic environment (with oxygen). The active ingredient used in floor cleaners is benzalkonium chloride. This substance is detergent at once
As disinfectant, is caustic, and corrosive. On
Excessive concentration can irritate the skin and if it concerns the eyes it will cause disorders such as itching can even cause damage to the cornea. In addition to causing waste foam, soap and washing materials is one of the chemicals in the household that is dangerous, then the storage should be true. This is because not many know the content and danger of active ingredients contained in it.
What should you do to avoid the negative effects? Prevention that can be done, among others, as follows.
1) Use detergents with dilute concentrations
And low levels of ABS.
2) Use detergent that is easy to decompose, such as
Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS).
3) Keep the soap in the right place so
Far from the reach of the child.
B. Side Effects of Bleaching Products
Garment whitener generally contains compounds
Chlorine that can damage fabric fibers and clothing colors.
In addition, chlorine compounds may also cause irritation
On the skin.
How to reduce the adverse impact of perfume on the environment?
BalasHapusPerfume is one of the major contributor of CFC which means the perfume also has a major contribution in global warming and ozone layer depletion.
HapusOzone absorbs the solar-emitted ultraviolet radiation. This radiation has a wavelength below 400 nm. The spectrum of this radiation, which lies at wavelengths between 290 nm - 320 nm, is better known as UV-B radiation. It has been proven that increasing UV-B radiation doses reaching the Earth result in increased cases of skin cancer, decreasing crop yields, and profoundly affecting the lives of plankton and marine fish larvae.
How to Minimize Environmental Pollution by Perfume.
Minimizing the effects of perfume can be done in various ways, among them are as follows:
Use of the right perfume = Spray perfume on the skin, Spray perfume on the right body, Do not rub skin finished spraying perfume, Use perfume reasonably, Save the perfume in the right place,
is there any serious efect if Cleaners exposed eyes?
BalasHapusOf course there are side effects, because when bleach comes in the eye then the eyes will experience blindness.
HapusThen quickly go to the doctor, in order to get special treatment / get treatment intensively, so his vision can be recovered but not one hundred percent back as before.