A. Definition of Hydrocarbon Compounds
Hydrocarbon
compounds are carbon compounds composed of atoms of the kabon and hydrogen. The
simplest hydrocarbon is methane, which consists of one carbon atom with four
hydrogen atoms (CH4). Methane is a molecule that has a traumatic space
structure with a carbon atom as its central atom and a hydrogen atom contained
in all four corners. For simplicity, the structure is projected into the plane.
Here's the Methane structur
(A) methane
model, (b) projection of methane molecules, (c) methane space structure
Based
on the bonds contained in the carbon chain, hydrocarbons are divided into:
- saturated hydrocarbons, ie hydrocarbons in which all carbon chains are single-bonded. These hydrocarbons are also called alkanes.
- Hidrokarbon tak jenuh, yaitu hidrokarbon dalam rantai karbon ada ikatan rangkap dua atau tiga. Hidrokarbon yang mengandung ikatan rangkap disebut alkena dan hidrokarbon yang mengandung ikatan tiga kali disebut alkuna
In the
discussion of hydrocarbons, usually discussed are:
1. Alkanes
2. Alkene
3. Alkuna
B. Use ofhydrocarbon
1. Use of Alkanes
Alkanes are used as fuel. The main benefits of alkanes
include:
A. Methane is the main compound contained in
liquefied natural gas or LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas). Natural gas is widely
used as fuel in the home industry.
B. Alkane with the number of carbon atoms 2 (ethane)
to 5 (pentane) contained in LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) or better known as
LPG. LPG is used as household fuel.
C. Butane is used as a match filler.
D. Octana is the main compound contained in
gasoline. Gasoline is used as motor vehicle fuel.
E. Besides being used as fuel, alkanes are also used
as non-polar solvents which can dissolve compounds of non-polar compounds.
F. Candles and asphalt are high alkane group
compounds (carbon chains reach more than 20 carbon atoms). Candles are used in
various textile industries (for batik) while asphalt is used for road
hardening.
2. Uses of alkenes and alkenes
A. Plastic
Molecular
molecules of ethene can combine to form polyethene, a polymer used to make
plastics. Likewise molecular molecules of propene can combine to form
polypropene used to make cookware and synthetic fibers.
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BalasHapusOils and fats belong to hydrocarbons. At room temperature, oil is liquid, whereas solid fat, why? Explain.
Based on the bonds that form on the oil is the absence of double bonds on fatty acids. So it is not saturated and causes at room temperature of liquid oil.
HapusWhile the fatty acid fat has double bonds that are saturated and cause at room temperature solid fatty fat
Explain the structure of the traumatic space and give another example of an atom that has a traumatic space structure?
BalasHapusCan you explain the usefulness of hydrocarbons ?
BalasHapusUses of Hydrocarbons
HapusHydrocarbons provide many benefits to human needs, both in the field of food, clothing, board, art and aesthetics. In this case will be described the use of hydrocarbons in everyday life for humans, namely in the field of food, clothing, board, art and aesthetics.
1. Food field
If it speaks to the use of hydrocarbons in the field of food, then the language is not pure hydrocarbons anymore, but slightly more extensive is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen compounds contained in nature. Many carbohydrates have the CH2O empirical formula.
Type of carbohydrate
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates that can not be hydrolysed into even smaller molecules of carbohydrates.
Glucose / grape sugar is mostly found in fruit, corn, and honey.
Fructose is present with glucose and sucrose in fruits and honey.
Galactose, the source can be obtained from lactose that is hydrolyzed through our food digestion.
Disaccharide
Disaccharides are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharides.
Maltose (glucose + glucose), can not be fermented colonic bacteria easily, it is used in baby food, milk powder leaven (malted milk)
Lactose (glucose + galactose), present in cow's milk and 5-8% in mother's milk.
Sucrose (glucose + fructose), is ordinary sugar. When heated will form brown invert sugar called caramel. Used for making ice cream, soft drinks and candy.
2. Clothes
From hydrocarbon materials that can be used for clothing is PTA (purified terephthalic acid) made from para-xylene where the basic ingredient is kerosene (kerosene). From this Kerosene all the ingredients are formed into aromatic compounds, namely para-xylene
3. Field board
Building materials derived from hydrocarbons are generally plastic. The plastic base material is almost the same as LPG, the polymer of propylene, the olefin / alkene compound of the carbon chain C3. From the plastic material is then a kind, ranging from the roof of the house (plastic tile), furniture, home interior equipment, car bumpers, tables, chairs, plates,
4. Field of art
For matters of art, especially painting, the main role of hydrocarbons is in oil inks and solvents. Perhaps the brothers and sisters know the thinner that is used to thin the paint. While for sculpture statues, many sculptures are made from plastic or trophies, etc. Hydrocarbons used for paint solvents made from Low Aromatic White Spirit or LAWS are solvents produced from PERTAMINA Refinery in Plaju with a range of boiling points between 145 ° C - 195o C. Hydrocarbon compounds forming LAWS solvents are a mixture of paraffin, cyclopranin, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharides. The use of hydrocarbons in polysaccharides in the food field such as rice, starch, corn, etc.
What is the isomer structure of butane?
BalasHapusIsomers are molecules of the same chemical formula (and often with the same type of bond), but have different atomic arrangements (can be described as an anagram). Most isomers have similar chemical properties to each other. Here Isomer Butane (C4H10)
HapusThe number of butane isomers (C4H10) is 2
1.) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 name: n-butane
2.) CH3 - CH - CH3 name is 2-methylpropane
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CH3
How molecular molecules of ethene can combine to form polyethene?
BalasHapuswhat different of alkanes, alkene and alkuna?
BalasHapusDifference Between Alkanes, Alkene and Alkunes. Alkanes, alkenes and all of them are hydrocarbons with different structures and physical and chemical properties.
Hapus1.) Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which means they are compounds with a single bond between atoms. Saturated hydrocarbons and with the simplest hydrogen. They are represented in general by the chemical formula CnH2n + 2 in the case of non-cyclic structures or straight chain structures.
2.) Alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which means they are compounds with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. The particular alkene is those unsaturated hydrocarbons that have at least one double bond. They are represented by the chemical formula CnH2n in general when there are no other functional groups.
3.) Alkuns are also unsaturated hydrocarbons, they have one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms. Their general formula is CnH2n-2, in any case a non-cyclic compound. They are also known as Acetylene. Alkunas are more reactive than alkenes and alkanes, they display as much polymerization and oligomerization. The polymer formed is called Polyethylene which exhibits semiconductor properties.
The hydrocarbon compound has a homologous sequence. What is a homologous series? Explain!
BalasHapusthe hydrocarbon compound having a homologous series means a series on different hydrocarbon compounds as much as the -CH2 group of the prior compound.
HapusThe hydrocarbon compound has a homologous sequence. What is a homologous series? Explain !
BalasHapusHomologous' or synonymous series of 'fluid' is a homologous series belonging to the same class of compounds as alkanes all alkanes, alkenes are all alkenes.
Hapus